文章概况：无损检测招聘
Ⅰ. Fundamentals & Principles ( 30 Qs: 1% each, tot. 30% )
基础和原理 (30题；每题1分，共30分)
1. Most of the electrons accelerated in an X-ray tube produce ( )
A. X-rays. B. heat.
C. beta particles. D. alpha particles.
X射线管中加速电子大多产生什么？
A. X射线。 B. 热。
C. β粒子。 D. α粒子。
2. Moderate-energy photons interact principally by ( )
A. ionization and excitation. B. Photoelectric effect.
C. Compton scatter. D. Pair production.
中等能量的光子与物质的相互作用主要是：
A. 电离和激发。 B. 光电效应。
C. 康普顿散射。 D. 电子对产生。
3. Which of the following radiations cannot be described by an absorption equation of the form
Ⅰ= B I0 e-kd ? ( )
A. Alpha particles.
B. Beta particles.
C. Neutrons.
D. Gamma rays.
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下列哪种射线不能用Ⅰ= B I0 e-kd 的吸收公式描述？
A．α粒子。 B. β粒子。
C.中子。 D. γ射线。
4. If one-eighth of a sample of a radioisotope remains after 24 years, what is the half-life of the
radio-isotope? ( )
A. 3 years. B. 4 years.
C. 6 years. D. 8years.
某一放射性同位素过24年后强度衰减为1/8，则其半衰期为多少？
A. 3年。 B. 4年。
C. 6年。 D. 8年。
5. Radiation scattering increases as: ( )
A. the energy of the incident radiation decreases.
B. the size of the radiation field increases.
C. The angle of scatter decreases.
D. all of the above.
什么情况下散射线会增多？
A. 入射线能量降低时。 B. 照射场尺寸增大时。
C. 散射角度减小时。 D. 以上均是。
6. Which of the following particles or rays have the highest ionizing effect in air?
( )
A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles
C. Neutrons D. Gamma and X-rays
下列哪种粒子或射线在空气中电离效应最强？
A. α粒子 B. β粒子
C. 中子 D. γ、Χ射线
7. A cobalt-60 source has an intensity of 1.6 R/h at a distance of 2 m. Workers need to be at that
distance from the source but should receive only 2mR/h approximately. How much steel
shielding is required?
(HVL is 20 mm for steel of Co-60) ( )
A.71㎜. B. 175㎜.
C. 193㎜. D. Cannot be determined from data given.
Co-60在2m处的源强为1600 mR/h。操作者要在离源5m处摄片时只接受约2mR/h的照射率，
问要设置多厚的钢材作屏蔽？（已知Co-60的钢半值层厚度为20mm）
A. 71mm 。 B. 175mm 。
C. 193mm 。 D. 由所给数据无法确定。
8. Radiation particles and photons lose their energy primarily through which of the following
processes? ( )
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A. radioactive decay . B. ionization .
B. C. atomic absorption . D. thermo-ionic emission.
辐射粒子和光子主要通过哪种过程损失能量？
A. 放射性衰变。 B. 电离。
C. 原子吸收。 D. 热离子发射。
9. The focusing cup of the cathode in an X-ray tube acts as an electrostatic lens , determining the
size of the electron beam by: ( )
A. capturing stray elections emitted by the filament.
B. limiting the maximum amperage of the filament current.
C. reducing the negative charge on the glass walls of the tube caused by secondary electrons
scattered by the target.
D. controlling the electric field between the anode and the cathode.
X射线管阴极聚焦杯是怎样限制电子束尺寸起静电透镜作用的？
A. 通过俘获灯丝发射的杂散电子
B. 通过限制灯丝电流的最大安培值
C. 通过减少靶散射二次电子在管玻璃壁上造成的负电荷
D. 通过控制阳极与阴极之间的电场
10.The high- frequency waves of energy by the magnetron in a linear accelerator
are in which band of the frequency spectrum ? ( )
A. L-band B. M-band
C．S-band D．K-band
在直线加速器中，由磁控管产生的高频能波位于频谱的哪一频带？
A.L-频带 B. M-频带
C.S-频带 D. K-频带
11. When X-rays are not emitted with the same intensity in all directions from the focal spot, this
is called: ( )
A. screen effect.
B. angle of emergence.
C. heel effect.
D. astigmatism.
从焦点向各个方向发射的射线强度不同，此称为：
A. 屏效应。 B. 辐射角。
C. 倾斜效应。 D. 散光。
12. A high-vacuum environment for X-ray tube elements is necessary for which of
the following? ( )
A. to prevent oxidation of the electrode materials.
B. to permit ready passage of the electron beam without ionization of gas within the tube.
C. to provide electrical insulation between the electrodes.
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D. all of the above.
X射线管需要高真空的原因何在？
A. 防止电极材料氧化。 B. 使电子束不电离管内气体面而易于通过。
C. 使电极之间绝缘。 D. 以上全是。
13. Given a target of tungsten-coated copper and a tube voltage of 300KV, determine the percent
efficiency of X-ray production. ( )
A. 8.8%. B. 3.11%.
C. 0.31%. D. 1.22%.
试求钨靶在管电压300KV时的X射线发生率。
A. 8.8%。 B. 3.11%。
C. 0.31%。 D. 1.22%。
14.The agent that actually exposes a photographic grain (film) is: ( )
A. gamma and / or X-ray quantum. B. alpha particles.
C. electrons. D. protons.
真正使胶片卤化银颗粒直接曝光的因素是：
A. γ射线或X射线量子。 B. α粒子。
C. 电子。 D. 质子。
15. Filters of different thickness of material are often incorporated into film badges used for
gamma and X-ray dosimetry. The purpose of these filters is to: ( )
A. attenuate the higher energy radiation.
B. increase the sensitivity of the film to low energy radiation.
C. ensure that no alphas reach the film.
D. permit evaluation of the type and energy of the radiation.
用于γ、X射线剂量测定的胶片剂量计常附有不同厚度的滤板，这种滤板起何作用？
A. 衰减能量较高的射线。 B. 提高胶片对低能射线的感光度。
C. 确保无α粒子到达胶片。 D. 可对射线类型和能量进行评价。
16. Which of the following is not a factor in radiographic contrast? ( )
A. Film type.
B. B. Radiation quality.
C. Degree of film development.
D. None of the above.
下列哪一因素不影响射线照相对比度？
A. 胶片类型。 B. 射线线质。
C. 胶片显影程度。 D. 以上全错。
17. What is one of the advantages of digital radiography when compared to conventional film
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radiography ？ ( )
A. Greater latitude，or the ability to show relatively thick and thin areas of a specimen on the
same image.
B. Lower energy requirements to form the image due to the very high DQE value.
C. Digitized images been able to transmit in seconds with no degradation of quality.
D. All of the above.
与胶片法射线照相相比，数字射线照相有何特点？
A. 厚度宽容度大，能在同一幅图像上显示厚薄差较大的试件影像。
B. 由于量子捕获率（DQE）特高，射线成像仅需较低能量。
C. 数字图像能舜间传送而质量不受影响。
D. 以上皆是。
18. Projection magnification resulting from increased object-to-film distance is also useful in
reducing scatter radiation because of: ( )
A. increasing definition. B. reducing physical source size.
C. the air gap. D. macro radiography.
因增大工件-胶片距离而产生的投影放大，对减少散射线也很有用。这是因为：
A. 提高了清晰度。 B. 减少了射源尺寸。
C. 工件与胶片之间有空气隔离。 D. 是宏观射线照相。
19. The difference in narrow-beam and broad-beam conditions is that: ( )
A. narrow-beam conditions imply that both scattered and unscattered radiation reach the
detector, while broad-beam conditions imply that only the unscattered radiation reaches the
detector.
B. narrow-beam conditions imply that only the unscattered radiation reaches the detector,
while broad-beam conditions imply that both scattered and unscattered radiation reach the
defector.
C. narrow and broad-beam conditions relate only to source size.
D. both terms depend on film and screen comlination.
窄束射线与宽束射线的区别在于：
A. 窄束是指散射线和主射线均到达检测器，而宽束只指主射线到达检测器。
B. 窄束只指主射线到达检测器，而宽束是指散射线和主射线均到达检测器。
C. 窄束和宽束只与射源尺寸有关。
D. 窄束和宽束均取决于胶片和增感屏的组合。
20. The intensifying action of a lead foil screen is caused by: ( )
A. the addition of 6 percent antimony to the lead.
B. the electrons emitted under gamma or X-ray excitation.
C. preferential absorption by the lead atoms.
D. characteristic and scattered radiation originating in the screen.
铅箔增感屏的增感作用是由什么产生的？
A. 铅中添加的6%的锑。 B. 由γ或X射线激发射出的电子。
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C. 铅原子的优先吸收。 D. 铅屏中发生的标识射线和散射线。
21. The minimum amount of energy required to produce an ion in air is approximately ( )
A.100ev. B.34Ev. C. 0.510MeV. D. 1.02MeV.
要在空气中产生一个离子对所需要的最小能量值约为：
A.100ev。 B.34eV。 C. 0.510MeV。 D. 1.02MeV。
22. The critical difference between the operation of detectors in the ionization, Geiger-Muller,
and proportional region is the ( )
A. pulse duration.
B. voltage applied to the center electrode.
B. specific ionization of the chamber gas.
C. D. resistance of the electrode.
电离室式、盖勒管式和比例计数管式三种射线剂量计工作的主要差别是：
A. 脉冲持读时间。 B. 中心电极所加电压。
C. 电离室气体的比电离。 D. 电极电阻。
23. Release of hydrogen ions during film development ( )
A. decreases the PH of the solution.
B. Increases the PH of the solution.
C. fixes the latent image.
D. catalyzes the reduction of silver halide.
在胶片显影过程中释放氢离子起什么作用？
A. 减小药液PH值。 B. 增大药液PH值。
C. 固定潜影。 D. 催化卤化银还原。
24. From a chemical viewpoint, the effect of the latent image on film development is
( )
A. latent. B. catalysis.
C. fixation. D. neurosis.
按化学观点，潜影对胶片显影起何作用？
A. 惰性作用。 B. 催化作用。
C. 稳定作用。 D. 中和作用。
25. As compared with film typically exposed to a density of 1.8, film exposed to an average
overall density of 4 ( )
A. requires a special stop bath for proper fixation.
B. is especially difficult to dry.
C. will exhaust the developer solution more quickly.
D. requires both A and B.
与通常曝光得黑度1.8的胶片相比，曝光得总平均黑度为4的胶片有何特点？
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A. 要适当定影就要用特殊的停显液。 B. 干燥特困难。
C. 会使显影液加速疲劳。 D. A和B都是。
26. Image-analysis techniques convert analog TV images into a digitized image that is further
quantized in ( )
A. space and intensity
B. time and space
C. distance and time
D. brightness and clarity
图像分析技术就是将模拟电视图像变成数字化图像，此图像可依据什么进一步量化？
A. 空间和强度。 B. 时间和空间。
C. 距离和时间。 D. 亮度和清晰度。
27. Which of the following high-speed particles stopped by a high-atomic-number target may
produce X-rays? ( )
A. Electrons.
B. Protons.
C. Hydrogen ions or helium ions.
D. All of the above.
下列哪种高速粒子受到高原子序数靶的阻止会产生X射线？
A. 电子。 B. 质子。
C. 氢离子或氦离子。 D. 以上都会。
28. In the basic equation for thickness sensitivity ie.
△X/x = 2.3△Dmin(1+n)μG∙100%, μ is ( )
A. the equivalent absorption coefficient derived from a broad beam curve.
B. the linear absorption coefficient measured under narrow beam conditions.
C. a constant relevant to film contrast.
D. none of the above.
在厚度灵敏度基本公式△X/x = 2.3△Dmin(1+n)/μG∙100%中，μ是指
A. 由宽束曲线导出的等效吸收系数。 B. 在窄束条件下的线吸收系数。
C. 与胶片对比度有关的常数。 D. 以上皆非。
29. In general, 200kV X-rays mean ( )
A. the monoenergetic radiation of energy 0.2 MeV.
B. all radiation of energy more than 0.2 MeV.
C. a beam of white radiation of maximum energy 0.2 MeV.
D. the radiation of average energy 0.2 MeV.
通常200kV X射线是指：
A. 能量为0.2 MeV的单色射线。
B. 能量高于0.2 MeV的所有射线。
C.最大能量为0.2 MeV的白色X射线束。
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D. 平均能量为0.2 MeV的X射线。
30. Which of the following descriptions is not proper in accordance with the definition and
concept in radiographic image theory? ( )
A. Film density affects no image granularity but contrast.
B. Scatter radiation affects no image unsharpness but contrast.
C. FFD affects no thickness sensitivity but unsharpness.
D. Tube voltage affects no film contrast but subject sensitivity.
按射线照相成像理论，下列哪一条说法欠妥？
A. 底片黑度只影响影像对比度，而不影响颗粒度。
B. 散射线只影响影像对比度，而不影响不清晰度。
C. 焦距只影响不清晰度，而不影响厚度灵敏度。
D. 管电压只影响主因对比度，而不影响胶片对比度。
Ⅱ. Techniques & Procedures (15 Qs:2% each, tot. 30%)
工艺和程序 (15题；每题 2分，共30分)
1. The adjustment of tube current in conventional X-ray tube circuits is made by: ( )
A. adjusting the target-to-cathode distance.
B. inserting resistance in the anode lead.
C. opening the shutter on the X-ray tube port.
D. adjusting filament heating current.
常规X射线管电路中，如何调整管电流?
A. 调节靶到阴极距离。
B. 在阳极导线中接一电阻。
C. 打开X射线管窗口光闸。
D. 调节灯丝加热电流。
2. The primary function of a filter is to ( )
A. to decrease scattered radiation, this increasing contrast.
B. to decrease undercutting, this increasing contrast.
C. to decrease contrast of parts of varying sections.
D. all of the above.
滤板的主要作用是：
A. 减少散射线，从而提高对比度。 B. 减少"边蚀"，从而提高对比度。
C. 降低变截面工件的对比度。 D. 以上全是。
3. A multifilm technique may be necessary when radio-graphic inspection is to be performed on a
( )
A. butt weld between 2 in. thick plates
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B. Consumable insert weld on small-diameter pipe
C. large-vessel nozzle weld.
D. long seam weld on a storage tank
对下列哪种焊缝作射线照相时，可用多胶片法？
A. 板厚50mm的对接焊缝。 B. 小径管熔化嵌条焊缝。
C. 大容器接管管座焊缝。 D. 储罐的长条焊缝。
4. When two different films are selected for a multifilm technique, their speeds must be such that
on their characteristic curves: ( )
A. there is some overlap on the density axis.
B. there is some overlap on the log E axis.
C. there is no overlap on the density axis.
D. there is no overlap on the log E axis.
多胶片法采用两种不同胶片时，胶片速度的选择应使其特性曲线：
A. 在黑度轴上有些重叠。 B.在logE轴上有些重叠。
C. 在黑度轴上无重叠。 D. 在logE轴上无重叠。
5. Using the parallax method for triangulation with the film in contact with the object and shifting
the source equal distance in two directions from its original position for location of a flaw, it is
revealed that the flaw shift is less than half the shift of the source side marker, The flaw is :
( )
A. near the film plane.
B. near the source side.
C. on the source-side surface.
D. on the film-side surface.
为用平移法按三角形关系对某缺陷进行定位，使射源从原位向左右平移等距离作两次曝
光，底片上可见缺陷影像位移距离小于源侧标记位移距离之半，则可判定缺陷：
A. 靠近胶片平面。 B. 靠近射源侧。
C. 在源侧表面上。 D. 在胶片侧表面上。
6. A discontinuity was found by radiography in a 76mm (3in) thick weld. The source-to-film
distance was 51cm (20in). A second exposure was made with the source shifted 102mm (4in)
parallel to the film plane. It was noted that the discontinuity image moved 16mm (0.625in) as
compared with the original exposure. Determine the distance of the flaw above the film.
( )
A. 82mm(3.24in). B. 32mm(1.25in).
C. 69mm(2.70in). D. 7mm(0.27in).
透照厚76mm焊缝，底片上发现一缺陷。已知焦距为51cm， 两次曝光时射源对胶片平移
102mm，底片上见缺陷影像位移16mm。求该缺陷离胶片距离。
A. 82mm。 B. 32mm。
C. 69mm。 D. 7mm。
7. X-ray diffraction patterns appearing in a radiograph are typically observed in the radiography
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of: ( )
A. thick castings at greater than 1MeV.
B. thin metallic specimens with large grain size.
C. thin metallic specimens with fine grain size.
D. thick metallic specimens with low atomic number(s).
一般透照什么工件时，射线底片会出现X射线衍射斑纹？
A. 用1MeV以上高能射线透照厚铸件。 B. 透照大晶粒薄金属试件。
C. 透照细晶粒薄金属试件。 D. 透照低原子序数厚金属试件。
8. Using tube voltage 300kv and tube current 10mA the same film density 1.8 may be obtained
for steel thickness 60mm with exposure time 2 min and for 70mm with 5 min. Now for
80mm， how many exposure time is required ? Also, how many millimeters is the
thickness latitude under this kilovoltage? ( )
A. 25min; 20mm。B. 20min; 10mm。
C. 10min; 5mm 。D. 12.5min; 10mm。
用管电压 300KV，管10mA电流，透照60 mm钢厚度，曝光2min，得黑度1.8，透照 70mm，
曝光5min，得同黑度。今透照80mm，曝光时间t为多少？ 又，此管电压下的厚度宽容度
Ld为多少？
A. t=25min， Ld=20mm。 B. t=20min， Ld=10mm。
C. t=10min， Ld=5mm。 D. t=12.5min， Ld=10mm。
9. What unsharpness is respectively the main factor determining the minimum detectable crack
size near the bottom and surface of a thick plate? ( )
A. Ug(low), Ui(high). B. Ui (low), Ug(high).
C. Ug(low), Ug(high). D. Ui(low), Ui(high).
影响厚板中近底面和近表面最小可检裂纹尺寸的不清晰度因素分别是哪一个？
A. Ug(下), Ui(上)。 B. Ui (下), Ug(上)。
C. Ug(下), Ug(上)。 D. Ui(下), Ui(上)。
10. How little percentage of fixer for contamination of developer can result in serious developer
malfunction ？ ( )
A. 5.0 percent.
B. 10.0 percent.
C. 0.05 percent.
D. 1.0 percent.
只需多少含量的定影液污染显影液，就会使显影液严重失效？
A. 5%。 B. 10% 。
C. 0.05%。 D. 1%。
11. A radiograph made with an exposure of 12mA per-minute has a density of 0.8 in the region of
maximum interest. It is desired to increase the density to 2.0 in this area. By reference to a
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characteristic curve of the film, it is found that the difference in log E, between 0.8 and 2.0 is
0.76. The antilogarithm of log 0.76 is 5.8. What must the new exposure time be to produce a
radiograph with a density of 2.0 ? ( )
A. 9.12 mA per minute.
B. 21.12 mA per minute.
C. 69.6 mA per minute.
D. 16 mA per minute.
用12 mA.min的曝光量摄片，最关键区的黑度为0.8。现欲将该区黑度提高到2.0。由胶片
特性曲线知，黑度0.8与2.0的log E之差为0.76，而0.76的反对数为5.8。求黑度为2.0时
的新曝光量。( )
A. 9.12 mA·min。
B. 21.12 mA·min。
C. 69.6 mA·min。
D. 16 mA·min。
12. Which of the following factors and reinforcement requirements are important in determining
if the proper wire IQIs were used? ( )
A. Surface finish.
B. Welding.
C. Thickness.
D. Heat treatment.
选用丝型像质计时，下列哪一因素和余高要求是确定射线底片上应显示丝径和丝号的要
素？
A. 表面光洁度。
B. 焊接工艺。
C. 材料厚度。
D. 热处理。
13. The four results are obtained on the four radiographs. Which of the following IQI
sensitivitiesis the most highest? ( The thickness of a specimen is 4 inches.) ( )
在四张射线底片上得到四种结果，问哪张底片上显示的孔型像质计灵敏度最高？( 假定试
件厚度为4in。)
14. When radiographing a steel specimen 3/4 in. thickness with 275kv peak X-ray, which
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thickness of a copper filter should be used (if more latitude is necessary)？ （ ）
A.20% T. B. 10% T.
C. 4% T. D. 15% T.
用275kvp X射线透照19mm钢试件，若需增大厚度宽容度，宜使用多厚的铜滤板？
A.20% T。 B. 10% T。
C. 4% T。 D. 15% T。
15. Incident light of intensity of 2.2klx on an area of film of 1.3 density transmits an density?
( )
A. 54 lux . B. 5.4 lux
C. 11 lux D. 1.1 lux .
入射光强为2.2klx时，底片黑度1.3的区域透过光强为108 lx，问底片黑度2.3的区域透
过光强为多少？
A. 54 lux。 B.5.4 lux。
C. 11 lux。 D.1.1 lux。
Ⅲ. Code, Standards & Specifications (20Qs, 2% each.tot.40%)
法规、标准和技术条件( 20题；每题2分，共40分)
1. Which of the following description is incorrect? ( )
A. If a light image of the "B" marker appears on a darker background of the radiograph, the
radiograph shall be considered unacceptable.
B. A dark image of the "B" in a lighter background is not cause for rejection
C. If no image of the "B" appears on a radiograph that shall not be considered acceptable
D. The lead "B" marker shall be attached to the back of each film cassette
下列哪一说法不正确？ ( )
A. 射线底片黑度较大的背景上出现"B"标记的较淡影像，此底片应视为不合格。
B. 若在黑度较小的背景上出现"B"标记的较黑影像，则不作为底片判废的原因。
C. 射线底片上无"B"标记影像出现，此片应视为不合格。
D. 铅质"B"标记应贴附在每个胶片暗盒后背。
2. Which 0f the following requirements of the film selection and film processing is true for
ASME Code 2004,Section Ⅴ? ( )
A. Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film.
B. SE-999 shall be used as a guide of processing film.
C. SE-94 shall be used as a guide of processing film.
D. All of the above.
按ASME标准2004版，下列有关胶片选用和胶片冲洗的要求，那一条正确？ ( )
A. 射线照相应使用工业射线胶片进行。 B. 胶片冲洗应以 SE-999 为指南。
C. 胶片冲洗应以 SE-94 为指南。 D. 以上都对。
Grade
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3. Which of the following description on densitometers isnt correct? ( )
A. The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than±0.1density
units from the actual density stated on the step wedge calibration film.
B. Densitometers shall be calibrated at least every 90days during use.
C. The step wedge calibration film shall have been varified within the last year by comparison
with a national standard step tablet.
D. The densitometer shall be warm-up before starting the calibration.
关于黑度计，下列哪种说法不对？ ( )
A. 黑度计读数与阶梯黑度校正片上的实际黑相比，偏差大于±0.1，则此黑度计不合格。
B. 黑度计使用期间应至少每隔90天校验1次。
C. 阶梯黑度校正片每年通过与国家标准阶梯黑母片的比较验证1次。
D. 黑度计在开始黑度校正前应先进行预热。
4. Based on the appropriate standard, which performance requirements should be considered for
selection of the film system used for industrial radiography? ( )
A. Gmin. B. (σD) max.
C. (G/σD) min. D. All of the above.
按有关标准，工业射线照相胶片系统的选择，应考虑哪些特性要求？ ( )
A. Gmin。 B. (σD) max。 C. (G/σD) min。 D. 以上都是。
5. Based on T-262 of ASME Sect.Ⅴ，Art.2，， calibration term for a density step wedge film is
( ) and for a transmission densitometer is ( )。
A. 90 days. B. 9 months.
C. 1 year. D. 3 months.
按ASME 第Ⅴ卷第2章T-262，阶梯黑度片的校验期限是（ ），透射黑度计的校验期限是
（ ）。
A. 90 天。 B. 9 个月。
C. 1 年。 D. 3 个月。
6. For the wire IQI “ASTM 1B 03”, 1 means the wire material is ( ), 03 means the
maximum wire diameter is ( ).
A. nickel-chromium-iron alloy (UNS NO.NO6600).
B. carbon steel or Type 300 series stainless steel.
C. 0.03 inches.
D. 0.3 mm.
线型像质计 ASTM 1B 03，1表示金属丝的材质是（ ），03表示最粗线径是（ ）。
A. 镍铬铁合金(UNS NO.NO6600)。 B.碳钢或300系列不锈钢。
C. 0.03 in.（0.76 mm）。 D. 0.3 mm。
7. A larger physical size source may produce an equivalent quality radiograph if: ( )
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A. exposure time is decreased.
B. more backing lead is used.
C. source-to -film distance is increased.
D. a fast film is used.
在什么情况下，大尺寸射线源所摄底片清晰度可与小尺寸源所摄底片不清晰度相当？
( )
A. 缩短曝光时间。 B.衬较多铅板。
C..增大射源-胶片距离。 D.使用快速胶片。
8. While the density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI is 2.2 for weld area and 3.5 for
HTZ, the density of the area of interest shall not be less than ( ) and more than ( ).
射线底片上应显丝径附近的黑度为2.2，则有效评定区的最低黑度不得低于（ ），最高
黑度不得高于（ ）。
A. 2.86。 B. 1.8。 C. 1.87。 D. 4.0。
9. Porosity in a weld may not be critical. Which of the following porosity conditions is not
normally considered detrimental to welds? ( )
A. It is present in large quantities.
B. It is randomly dispersed and less than 1/64 in diameter.
C. It contains sharp tails.
D. It is aligned in. short distances.
焊缝中的气孔可能不怎么严重，下列哪种气孔状态通常认为对焊缝无害？ ( )
A.大量存在。 B.随机疏散分布，且直径小于0.4mm。
C.有尖尾巴。 D.在短距离内排成一直线。
10. A light image of the "B" appearing on a darker background of the radiograph is probably
caused by ( )
A. excessive density. B. Backscatter.
C. kilovoltage set too low. D. poor film handling.
在射线底片较黑的背景上出现较淡的"B"标记影象，可能是由什么原因造成的？
A.黑度偏高。 B.背散射。 C.KV值太低。 D.胶片操作不当。
11. Which of the folloeing statement is correct for selecting the proper wire IQI in accordance
with ASME Code, Sect.Ⅴ,Art.2? ( )
A.The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single-wall thickness excluding the
weld reinforcement.
B.The actual measurement of the weld reinforcement is necessary to be done.
C.Backing rings or strips shall not be considered.
D.IQIs shall be made by material grade with not less radiation absorption than the material
radiographed.
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按ASME标准第Ⅴ卷第2章，关于丝型像质计（IQI）的选用，下列哪种说法正确？( )
A.选用IQI所依据的厚度是公称单壁厚度，不包括焊缝余高。
B.必须实测焊缝余高。
C.垫板或衬环厚度不必考虑。
D.制作IQI的材料其射线吸收不得小于被透检的材料。
12. Set the X-ray tube head on the inside of the inner-container for inspecting the final girth
weld of a shell connecting an inner-container. What is the essential wire diameter and
identity of wire IQI that shall be discerned in radiographs based on ASME Code,
Sect.Ⅴ,Art. 2? Assuming that the size of the vessels are as shown in the following table.
（ ）
mm
A. Φ0.25 mm/ 6. B. Φ0.33mm/ 7.
C. Φ0.05 mm/ 9. D. Φ0.40 mm/ 8.
将X射线管头置于某夹套式容器内胆内侧，透照连接内胆的外壳终接环焊缝。按ASME标准
第Ⅴ卷第2章之要求，射线底片上应予识别的像质计金属丝直径和编号为多少？（假定容
器规格如下表所示） mm
终接环焊缝
名称 直径
公称单壁
厚度 余高 衬环
外壳 1000 12 3 4
内胆600 8 — —
13. Using the single-marker method to measure the depth of a flaw. The plate thickness t of the
weld is 60mm, the shift ΔBf of the flaw image on the film is 5mm, and the shift Bm of
source-side marker is 20mm, what is the depth H of the actual flaw under the surface of
the plate? ( )
用单标记法测缺陷深度，若焊缝板厚Ｔ＝６０ｍｍ，缺陷影像位移ΔBf=5mm,源侧标记影
像位移ΔBm=20mm, 问缺陷离板面深度Ｈ为多少？ ( )
A. 15mm。 B. 25mm。 C. 35mm。 D. 45mm。
14. Radiographic sensitivity depends on the combined effects of two independent factors: One is
radiographic contrast, the other is ( ).
A. radiation quality. B. density.
C. IQI image. D. definition.
射线照相灵敏度取决于两独立因素的组合效应，一是射线照相对比度，二是（ ）。
A．射线的质。 B．黑度。
C.像质计影像。 D.射线照相清晰度。
Name Diameter Nominal Single The Final Girth Welded Joint
Wall Thickness Reinforcement Backing Ring
Shell 1000 12 3 4
Inner-Container 600 8 — —
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15. Which of the following factors will normally provide the film interpreter with some
indication of what types of discontinuities would be expected？ （ ）
A. thickness.
B. welding process.
C. type of component.
D. preheat temperature.
下列哪一因素可望给评片人员提供判别缺陷类型的一定启示？ ( )
Ａ.材料厚度。 B.焊接工艺。
C.部件形式。 D.预热温度。
16. Under what circumstances for the final closure seam of a pressure vessel, UT may be
substituted for RT, according to ASME Code, Sect.Ⅷ Dir. 1? ( )
A. Due to absence of suitable radiographic equipment on hand.
B. Due to the construction of vessel does not permit to make interpretable radiographs in
accordance with Code requirements.
C. In all circumstances UT may be in lieu of RT.
D. In all circumstances UT may not be in lieu of RT.
按ASME标准第Ⅷ卷第一分册规定，容器上的终接封闭焊缝在什么情况下允许用超声探
伤（UT）取代射线照相（RT）？ ( )
A.手头无合适的射线照相设备。
B.因容器结构不可能按照规范要求拍出可予以评定的射线底片。
C.任何情况下均可用UT取代RT。
D.任何情况下均不可用UT取代RT
17. The following discontinuities were noted on the radiograph of 30mm thick carbon steel
plate :Slag (2) 3mm, (1) 6mm, (1) 11mm. Porosity (2) 3mm. Which of the following
statements would constitute the appropriate method of disposition of these conditions?
( )
A. accept
B. remove (2)3mm indications, repair, and re-expose.
C. remove the 11mm slag inclusion, repair weld, and re-expose.
D. Remove the (2) 3m porosity and (2) 3mm slag inclusions, repair weld, and re-expose.
透照30mm厚碳钢板，底片上发现有以下缺陷：夹渣3mm,2条; 6mm，1条;11mm, 1条。气孔
3mm，2个。此片该如何评定？如何处理？ ( )
A. 合格。
B. 除去3mm缺陷，返修后重照。
C. 除去11mm 夹渣，焊缝返修后重照。
D. 除去2个3mm气孔，2个3mm夹渣，焊缝返修后重照。
18.If the intensity of a radiation source was initially 100R/h and it was desired to reduce this
intensity to 10 mR/h , what thickness shield would be required? Assuming that the linear
attenuation coefficient for the specific energy is 0.90cm-1. ( )
A. 9.6 cm. B. 10.2 cm .
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C. 2.55 cm. D. 8.28 cm.
某源初始强度为100R/h, 为使其强度衰减为10mR/h, 需屏蔽多厚的材料? ( 假定与给定能
量相应的线衰减系数为 0.90cm-1 。) ( )
A. 9.6 cm B. 10.2 cm
C. 2.55 cm D. 8.28 cm
19. The following parameters were used when radiographing a 22 mm (0.87 in.) thick plate weld
3 mm (0.12 in.) reinforcement on the front and back side.
Source - 100 Ci Ir-192 Screen - 0.010 F/B
FFD - 61 cm (24 in.) IQI - #20
Film - Class Ⅳ Shim - 6 mm (0.25 in.)
This technique relative to the specification would result in ( )
A. an acceptable radiograph.
B. an excessive amount of unsharpness.
C. an unacceptable radiograph.
D. a radiograph showing poor contrast.
透照板厚22mm双面余高均为3mm的焊缝，使用参数如下：
射源：Ir-192 100 Ci; 增感屏：Pb 0.01/0.01;
焦距：610 mm; 像质计：孔型 20#;
胶片：ASTM Ⅳ类; 垫板：6 mm。
用上述条件按规范要求透照会产生什么后果？ ( )
A. 能拍出合格的底片。 B. 不清晰度偏大。
C. 拍出的底片不合格。 D. 底片对比度很差。
20. The density adjacent to the essential wire of IQI was recorded 1.8. Which of the following
readings or statements is correct for this exposure? ( )
A. 1.53 to 2.07through area of interest .
B. 1.44 to 2.16 through area of interest.
C. Unacceptable technique.
D. Double viewing of film is required.
像质计应显丝附近的底片黑度为1.8。对此曝光，下列哪一条读数或说明是正确的
( )
A. 有效评定区黑度 1.53－2.07。 B. 有效评定区黑度 1.44－2.16。
C. 透照技术不符要求。 D. 底片要用双壁观察法。
